Saint Bernard of Clairvaux

Biography

Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, also known as the Mellifluous Doctor of the Church and the Last of the Fathers of the Holy Church, was born in 1090 in Fontaines-les-Dijon, Burgundy, France. He came from a noble French family and was the brother of Saint Humbeline. At the age of 22, Bernard, along with four of his brothers and 25 friends, decided to join the abbey of Citeaux out of a fear of the world's ways. Soon after, his father and another brother also joined the abbey. As a Benedictine monk, Bernard played a crucial role in the founding and leadership of the monastery of Clairvaux. The abbey grew rapidly under his guidance, with over 700 monks and eventually 160 daughter houses. He also embarked on a mission to revise and reform the Cistercian Order, which went on to become one of the most influential orders of the time. In addition to his role as a religious leader, Bernard served as an advisor and admonisher to the French kings Louis the Fat and Louis the Young. He attended the important Second Lateran Council and played a significant role in fighting against the heretical movement of Albigensianism. Saint Bernard was also instrumental in resolving the schism caused by the anti-Pope Anacletus II. Known for his eloquence and preaching abilities, Bernard traveled extensively throughout France, Italy, and Germany, spreading his teachings and calling for spiritual renewal. He had a close friendship with Saint Malachy O'More and even wrote his biography. He was also a trusted spiritual advisor to Pope Eugene III, who had initially been one of Bernard's monks. Saint Bernard played a key role in organizing the Second Crusade and encouraged many to take part in it. However, he later expressed his disappointment and regret over the outcome of the crusade, as it ended in failure. Represented by various symbols and images, including a beehive, bees, books, and instruments of the Passion, Bernard was known for his deep devotion to the Virgin Mary. He often had visions of her and found solace and inspiration in her presence. Other representations include a chained demon, a mitre on the ground, a swarm of bees, and a white dog. Saint Bernard passed away on 20 August 1153 at Clairvaux Abbey in Ville-sous-la-Ferté, Aube, France. He was canonized in 1170 by Pope Alexander III. Saint Bernard holds the honorary distinction of being the first Cistercian monk to be placed on the calendar of saints. In recognition of his exceptional theological contributions, he was proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius VIII. Throughout history, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux has been revered as a profound spiritual leader and a source of inspiration for monks, scholars, and the faithful. He is honored as the patron saint of beekeepers, bees, candlemakers, chandlers, wax-melters, and wax refiners. His legacy lives on, reminding us of the importance of leading a holy life and seeking wisdom and guidance from God.