How to Become a Saint

Sainthood refers to anyone who resides in heaven with God. However, the canon of the Saints includes those individuals whom the Church recognizes as worthy of veneration and imitation.

Current Canonization Process

1. Waiting Period — The process begins with a five-year waiting period after the candidate's death, allowing time for a more objective evaluation. In some cases, the pope may waive this period.
2. Diocesan Investigation — A petitioner seeks a postulator to initiate the cause. The local bishop opens the cause, and the candidate is referred to as a “Servant of God.” A tribunal gathers evidence of the person's life and virtues.
3. Approval from the Holy See — The Holy See may grant a “nihil obstat,” meaning no objection to the cause for canonization.
4. Congregation for the Causes of Saints — The process continues in Rome, where a relator gathers evidence. A report called a “Positio” is submitted, and theologians and bishops vote on the cause.
5. Declaration of Venerable — The pope may declare the person venerable, recognizing their heroic virtue or martyrdom.
6. Beatification — A miracle attributed to the venerable's intercession must be verified. The pope then declares the person “Blessed.”
7. Canonization — A second miracle is required. The pope announces the person as part of the canon of saints.

Historical Evolution

• Early Christian Era — Martyrs were recognized as saints immediately upon their death. Local bishops or communities would venerate individuals without a formal process.
• Medieval Period — By the 10th century, the Church began centralizing the canonization process. Pope John XV formalized it in 993, making the pope the final authority.
• Council of Trent (1545–1563) — Established clear rules and stages for canonization, including formal investigation of miracles and virtues.
• Pope Urban VIII (1625) — Prohibited public veneration of a candidate until official canonization, standardizing the process.
• 1917 Code of Canon Law — Brought further clarity, including the roles of the postulator and promoter of the faith (the “Devil's Advocate”).
• Pope John Paul II (1983) — Simplified the process and reduced the number of required miracles. The role of the “Devil's Advocate” was diminished.

The canonization process continues to be a profound expression of the Church's belief in the communion of saints, linking the faithful on earth with those who have already reached heaven. It underscores the universal call to holiness, affirming that sanctity is accessible and attainable in every state of life.